As President Bush stated in 2005, Hurricane Katrina exposed a serious breakdown of our emergency management capabilities at all levels of government. A massive failure occurred at all levels but began with a failure of local policy. Mayor Nagin and other policy leaders did not have an understanding of the true threats, the capabilities of their citizens or responders or the consequences of the lack of planning. If they had you would not have seen tens of thousands of people evacuated to a building without the capabilities or supplies to serve as a massive shelter.
Putting aside all politics how much different would it have been if these gaps could have been exposed in disaster simulations (actually they were) and strategic training programs developed to close these gaps followed. When Katrina hit, well prepared officials could have responded quickly and appropriately saving lives and reducing destruction. Cost could have been kept at a minimum instead of being one of the most costly disasters in history.
Too often elected leaders place emergency preparedness on a back burner to the myriad of issues we face every day. But what is the cost of us doing this? When the next disaster strikes will our communities be prepared to respond? Will we, as leaders, have the needed skills needed to operate under disaster situations? Does it make sense we what to build those skills before a disaster? Training is how we can build those skills needed for us to effectively respond to any crisis.
Leadership during a disaster is not something that comes naturally. Appropriate decision making, critical thinking and crisis leadership is something that must be learned and practiced. It must include the ability to make mistakes when no one will really get hurt. It needs to be feedback rich, where we can see firsthand if our decisions were effective and appropriate. It needs to also be realistic, provided in an environment that matches the intensity, chaos and challenges that the leaders will actually face during disasters. These are not skills you want someone to learn on the job. A leader who has lived through realistic simulated crisis is more likely to stay calm, focused and effective in a real crisis.
Many elected officials have developed decision making and leadership skills dealing with everyday events. However thinking this is enough is like training a pilot by hours in the simulator flying through clear trouble free skies. They do not learn what to do when an engine fails or when the skies are stormy. In short they are not prepared to function as they need to during times of crisis. Elected officials need to learn not only what is appropriate in decision making but what are the possible cascading effects of that decision making? It is not something you want to just do on the fly.
Another reason elected officials need to train for emergencies is to help them understand the impact of issues that arise during an emergency. One of the more common issues is use of and managing spontaneous volunteers and donations. Through the goodness of their hearts people will come out of the woodwork to assist following a disaster. Are you prepared to deal with this issue? What are the concerns that need to be addressed? This is an issue that impacts the leader, not just the staff. First it is your ultimate responsibility but more importantly it is a reflection on your leadership and management skills. If you have planned for and respond appropriately the public perception of your management skills will be higher. If you fail to plan, no matter where the failure actually occurs, you will get the blame.
Communities need elected leaders who have the skills and experience they’ll need in a crisis. Those leaders need to gain those skills prior to the onset of a crisis. Leaders need to be able to make effective and appropriate decisions rather than fold under pressure. We need leaders who can assess the capabilities of their community and focus on developing policy that addresses closing gaps and building capacity. We need leadership that realizes the resources available, makes good use of staff time instead of over delegating and micro managing preparedness efforts. The key issue in this is the fact it is ultimately the responsibility of the elected officials to prepare. Ultimately every elected official needs to take the time to get appropriate training.